Register a data contract#

In this tutorial we will register a data contract.

Prerequisites#

General prerequisites (Node.js / Dash SDK installed)
A wallet mnemonic with some funds in it: Tutorial: Create and Fund a Wallet
A configured client: Setup SDK Client
A Dash Platform Identity: Tutorial: Register an Identity

Code#

Defining contract documents#

As described in the data contract explanation, data contracts must include one or more developer-defined documents.

The most basic example below (tab 1) demonstrates a data contract containing a single document type (note) which has a single string property (message).

The second tab shows the same data contract with an index defined on the $ownerId field. This would allow querying for documents owned by a specific identity using a where clause.

The third tab shows a data contract requiring the optional $createdAt and $updatedAt base fields. Using these fields enables retrieving timestamps that indicate when a document was created or modified.

The fourth tab shows a data contract using a byte array. This allows a contract to store binary data.

The fifth tab shows a data contract configured to store contract history. This allows all contract revisions to be retrieved in the future as needed.

The sixth tab shows a data contract configured for creating NFTs. It allows documents to be deleted, transferred, or traded. It also limits document creation to the contract owner. See the NFT explanation section for more details about NFTs on Dash Platform. Note: the JavaScript SDK supports NFT contract registration, but does not currently support trades or transfers.

Attention

Since Platform v0.25.16, each document property must assign position value to support backwards compatibility for contract updates.

Since Platform v0.23, an index can only use the ascending order (asc). Future updates will remove this restriction.

1. Minimal contract

{
  "note": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "message": {
        "type": "string",
        "position": 0
      }
    },
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}

2. Indexed

{
  "note": {
    "type": "object",
    "indices": [
      {
        "name": "ownerId",
        "properties": [{ "$ownerId": "asc" }], "unique": false }
    ],
    "properties": {
      "message": {
        "type": "string",
        "position": 0
      }
    },
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}

/*
An identity's documents are accessible via a query including a where clause like:
{
  where: [['$ownerId', '==', 'an identity id']],
}
*/

3. Timestamps

{
  "note": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "message": {
        "type": "string",
        "position": 0
      }
    },
    "required": ["$createdAt", "$updatedAt"],
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}

/*
If $createdAt and/or $updatedAt are added to the list of required properties 
for a document, all documents of that type will store a timestamp indicating
when the document was created or modified. 

This information will be returned when the document is retrieved.
*/

4. Binary data

{
 "block": {
   "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "hash": {
        "type": "array",
        "byteArray": true,
        "maxItems": 64,
        "description": "Store block hashes",
        "position": 0
      }
    },
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}
 
/*
Setting `"byteArray": true` indicates that the provided data will be an 
array of bytes (e.g. a NodeJS Buffer).
*/

5. Contract with history

// Identical to the minimal contract
// Contract history configuration is done in code and
// is not part of the contract itself.
{
  "note": {
    "type": "object",
    "properties": {
      "message": {
        "type": "string",
        "position": 0
      }
    },
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}

6. NFT Contract

// To use contract documents as NFTs, configure settings for modifying
// deleting, transferring, trading, or restricting creation as needed
{
  "card": {
    "type": "object",
    "documentsMutable": false,    // true = documents can be modified (replaced)
    "canBeDeleted": true,         // true = documents can be deleted
    "transferable": 1,            // 0 = transfers disabled; 1 = transfers enabled
    "tradeMode": 1,               // 0 = no trading; 1 = direct purchases
    "creationRestrictionMode": 1, // 0 = anyone can mint; 1 = only contract owner can mint
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "type": "string",
        "description": "Name of the card",
        "minLength": 0,
        "maxLength": 63,
        "position": 0
      },
      "description": {
        "type": "string",
        "description": "Description of the card",
        "minLength": 0,
        "maxLength": 256,
        "position": 1
      },
      "attack": {
        "type": "integer",
        "description": "Attack power of the card",
        "position": 2
      },
      "defense": {
        "type": "integer",
        "description": "Defense level of the card",
        "position": 3
      }
    },
    "indices": [
      {
        "name": "owner",
        "properties": [
          {
            "$ownerId": "asc"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "attack",
        "properties": [
          {
            "attack": "asc"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "defense",
        "properties": [
          {
            "defense": "asc"
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "required": [
      "name",
      "attack",
      "defense"
    ],
    "additionalProperties": false
  }
}

Please refer to the data contract reference page for more comprehensive details related to contracts and documents.

Registering the data contract#

The following examples demonstrate the details of creating contracts using the features described above. Also, note that the sixth tab shows a data contract with contract history enabled to store each contract revision so it can be retrieved as needed for future reference:

1. Minimal contract

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    note: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        message: {
          type: 'string',
          "position": 0
        },
      },
      additionalProperties: false,
    },
  };

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() });

  // Sign and submit the data contract
  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

2. Indexed

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    note: {
      type: 'object',
      indices: [{
        name: 'ownerId',
        properties: [{ $ownerId: 'asc' }],
        unique: false,
      }],
      properties: {
        message: {
          type: 'string',
          "position": 0
        },
      },
      additionalProperties: false,
    },
  };

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() });

  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

3. Timestamps

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    note: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        message: {
          type: 'string',
          "position": 0
        },
      },
      required: ['$createdAt', '$updatedAt'],
      additionalProperties: false,
    },
  };

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() });

  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

4. Binary data

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    block: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        hash: {
          type: 'array',
          byteArray: true,
          maxItems: 64,
          description: 'Store block hashes',
          "position": 0
        },
      },
      additionalProperties: false,
    },
  };

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() }, { depth: 5 });

  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

5. Contract with history

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    note: {
      type: 'object',
      properties: {
        message: {
          type: 'string',
          "position": 0
        },
      },
      additionalProperties: false,
    },
  };

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  contract.setConfig({
    canBeDeleted: false,
    readonly: false,    // Make contract read-only
    keepsHistory: true, // Enable storing of contract history
    documentsKeepHistoryContractDefault: false,
    documentsMutableContractDefault: true,
  })
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() });

  // Sign and submit the data contract
  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

6. NFT Contract

const setupDashClient = require('../setupDashClient');

const client = setupDashClient();

const registerContract = async () => {
  const { platform } = client;
  const identity = await platform.identities.get('an identity ID goes here');

  const contractDocuments = {
    card: {
      type: "object",
      documentsMutable: false,    // Documents cannot be modified/replaced
      canBeDeleted: true,         // Documents can be deleted
      transferable: 1,            // Transfers enabled
      tradeMode: 1,               // Direct purchase trades enabled
      creationRestrictionMode: 1, // Only the contract owner can mint      
      properties: {
        name: {
          type: "string",
          description: "Name of the card",
          minLength: 0,
          maxLength: 63,
          position: 0
        },
        description: {
          type: "string",
          description: "Description of the card",
          minLength: 0,
          maxLength: 256,
          position: 1
        },
        attack: {
          type: "integer",
          description: "Attack power of the card",
          position: 2
        },
        defense: {
          type: "integer",
          description: "Defense level of the card",
          position: 3
        }
      },
      indices: [
        {
          name: "owner",
          properties: [
            {
              $ownerId: "asc"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          name: "attack",
          properties: [
            {
              attack: "asc"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          name: "defense",
          properties: [
            {
              defense: "asc"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      required: [
        "name",
        "attack",
        "defense"
      ],
      additionalProperties: false
    }
  }

  const contract = await platform.contracts.create(contractDocuments, identity);
  console.dir({ contract: contract.toJSON() });

  // Sign and submit the data contract
  await platform.contracts.publish(contract, identity);
  return contract;
};

registerContract()
  .then((d) => console.log('Contract registered:\n', d.toJSON()))
  .catch((e) => console.error('Something went wrong:\n', e))
  .finally(() => client.disconnect());

Attention

Make a note of the returned data contract id as it will be used used in subsequent tutorials throughout the documentation.

What’s Happening#

After we initialize the Client, we create an object defining the documents this data contract requires (e.g. a note document in the example). The platform.contracts.create method takes two arguments: a contract definitions JSON-schema object and an identity. The contract definitions object consists of the document types being created (e.g. note). It defines the properties and any indices.

Once the data contract has been created, we still need to submit it to DAPI. The platform.contracts.publish method takes a data contract and an identity parameter. Internally, it creates a State Transition containing the previously created contract, signs the state transition, and submits the signed state transition to DAPI. A response will only be returned if an error is encountered.

Note

Since the SDK does not cache wallet information, lengthy re-syncs (5+ minutes) may be required for some Core chain wallet operations. See Wallet Operations for options.