高级主题

货币控制

货币控制选项帮助Dash Core钱包的用户指定地址,此时,未经支付(UTXOs)的输出应当用作交易输入。这项功能不仅帮助用户在指定的钱包地址上留存指定余额,同时还能让他们自由支配其余资金。以Dash Core钱包为例,用户需要点击 设置 > 选项 > 钱包 > 启用货币控制功能 。现在用户只要访问钱包的发送选项卡,就会看到一个新的 输入 按键。只要点击这个按键,用户就能选定交易所使用的未经支付的输出了。操作页面如下所示:

../../_images/coin-selection.png

Dash Core钱包中的货币选择界面,显示两个主节点(测试网)

单击鼠标右键选择不想支出的(多个)交易项,然后选择 锁定未支付。此时,交易的旁边将会出现一把小锁的标志。用户可以点击 切换锁定状态 按键来切换未经支付的输出的状态,即锁定或解锁状态。完成操作后,用户应点击 OK 按键。以不影响已锁定的未经支付的输出为前提,用户就可以安全地创建交易了。

../../_images/coin-selection-lock.png
../../_images/coin-selection-locked.png

在Dash Core钱包当中锁定未经支付的输出

HD 钱包

从 0.12.2.0 版本开始,Dash Core钱包就具备了兼容 BIP39/BIP44 的分层确定性(HD)密码生成功能。只有在初次启动Dash Core钱包时指定 usehd 选项的用户才能通过命令行使用这一功能。用户应当慎用这一功能,因为助记符种子和密码需要以纯文本格式存储,直到用户为钱包指定密码短语。值得注意的是,钱包密码与助记符密码不同,后者通常也被称作 “第25个字符” 或 “扩展字符”。此外,钱包密码用于加密钱包文件本身,而助记符密码则用于指定来自同一助记符种子的不同派生分支。

在下文中,我们将以Windows GUI钱包为例,但如果用户在其他操作系统上使用 dash-qtdashd,那么要用到的命令行就是一样的。用户可以输入以下命令,以便启用随机生成的分层确定性钱包种子,此时,钱包并不具备助记符密码:

dash-qt.exe --usehd=1

新的HD钱包已经生成,Dash Core钱包将显示一则通知,告知用户必须在验证程序可正确运行后对钱包进行加密。用户可以通过 工具 -> 调试控制台 或在 dash-cli 上执行远程过程调用命令,以便浏览助记符种子:

dumphdinfo

Dash Core钱包将以十六进制和 BIP39 助记符显示HD钱包的种子。如需恢复已有的HD钱包或者定义单独生成的助记符和密码,用户需要确保 datadir 中不存在 wallet.dat 文件,然后再输入以下命令:

dash-qt.exe --usehd=1 --mnemonic="enter mnemonic" --mnemonicpassphrase="optional mnemonic passphrase"

HD钱包可以恢复,并且用户的余额将在完成同步后予以显示。

多重签名

本章节介绍了Dash Core钱包中的多重签名功能。尽管交易在当前的测试网区块链上是不可见的,并且地址格式或远程过程调用与本文显示的稍有不同,但原则和命令是相同的。本章节提供了创建2 -3多重签名地址及交易的例子,其中涉及三方,即买卖双方和仲裁者。实例如下列网站所示:

步骤 1:创建三个地址

卖方:

seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli getnewaddress
n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk
seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli validateaddress n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk
{
    "isvalid" : true,
    "address" : "n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk",
    "ismine" : true,
    "isscript" : false,
    "pubkey" : "02a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e",
    "iscompressed" : true,
    "account" : ""
}
seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli dumpprivkey n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk
cVQVgBr8sW4FTPYz16BSCo1PcAfDhpJArgMPdLxKZQWcVFwMXRXx

买方:

buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli getnewaddress
mp5orHuaFaHCXFSCeYvUPL7H16JU8fKG6u
buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli validateaddress mp5orHuaFaHCXFSCeYvUPL7H16JU8fKG6u
{
    "isvalid" : true,
    "address" : "mp5orHuaFaHCXFSCeYvUPL7H16JU8fKG6u",
    "ismine" : true,
    "isscript" : false,
    "pubkey" : "0315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c",
    "iscompressed" : true,
    "account" : ""
}
buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli dumpprivkey mp5orHuaFaHCXFSCeYvUPL7H16JU8fKG6u
cP9DFmEDb11waWbQ8eG1YUoZCGe59BBxJF3kk95PTMXuG9HzcxnU

仲裁者:

arbiter@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli getnewaddress
n1cZSyQXhach5rrj2tm5wg6JC7uZ3qPNiN
arbiter@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli validateaddress n1cZSyQXhach5rrj2tm5wg6JC7uZ3qPNiN
{
    "isvalid" : true,
    "address" : "n1cZSyQXhach5rrj2tm5wg6JC7uZ3qPNiN",
    "ismine" : true,
    "isscript" : false,
    "pubkey" : "0287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce",
    "iscompressed" : true,
    "account" : ""
}
arbiter@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli dumpprivkey n1cZSyQXhach5rrj2tm5wg6JC7uZ3qPNiN
cUbDFL81a2w6urAGZf7ecGbdzM82pdHLeCaPXdDp71s96SzDV49M

结果会产生三对密钥(公钥/私钥):

seller:    02a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e / cVQVgBr8sW4FTPYz16BSCo1PcAfDhpJArgMPdLxKZQWcVFwMXRXx
buyer:     0315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c / cP9DFmEDb11waWbQ8eG1YUoZCGe59BBxJF3kk95PTMXuG9HzcxnU
arbiter:   0287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce / cUbDFL81a2w6urAGZf7ecGbdzM82pdHLeCaPXdDp71s96SzDV49M

步骤 2:创建多重签名地址

createmultisig 命令可以创建n/m的多重签名变量(json数据提供)。本文示例创建的是2/3多重签名。

值得注意的是:只要公钥和序列已知(则地址和redeemScript都是一样的),那么任何人都可以创建地址。

卖方:

seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli createmultisig 2 '["02a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e","0315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c","0287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce"]'
{
    "address" : "2MuEQCZh7VB8pNrT4bj1CFZQh2oK7XZYLQf",
    "redeemScript" : "522102a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e210315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c210287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce53ae"
}

买方:

buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli createmultisig 2 '["02a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e","0315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c","0287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce"]'
{
    "address" : "2MuEQCZh7VB8pNrT4bj1CFZQh2oK7XZYLQf",
    "redeemScript" : "522102a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e210315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c210287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce53ae"
}

仲裁者:

arbiter@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli createmultisig 2 '["02a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e","0315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c","0287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce"]'
{
    "address" : "2MuEQCZh7VB8pNrT4bj1CFZQh2oK7XZYLQf",
    "redeemScript" : "522102a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e210315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c210287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce53ae"
}

步骤 3:买方为多重签名地址提供资金

买方为多重签名地址提供资金的流程与寻常交易相同。

买方:

buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli sendtoaddress 2MuEQCZh7VB8pNrT4bj1CFZQh2oK7XZYLQf 777.77
a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951

卖方/仲裁者可以通过区块浏览器中的交易ID跟进交易情况或通过控制台来完成操作。

买方:

seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli getrawtransaction a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951 1
{
    "hex" : "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    "txid" : "a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951",
    "version" : 1,
    "locktime" : 0,
[...]
    "vout" : [
        {
            "value" : 777.77000000,
            "n" : 0,
            "scriptPubKey" : {
                "asm" : "OP_HASH160 15c85c2472f5941b60a49462a2cfd0d17ab49d1c OP_EQUAL",
                "hex" : "a91415c85c2472f5941b60a49462a2cfd0d17ab49d1c87",
                "reqSigs" : 1,
                "type" : "scripthash",
                "addresses" : [
                    "2MuEQCZh7VB8pNrT4bj1CFZQh2oK7XZYLQf"
                ]
            }
        },
[...]
    ],
    "blockhash" : "000000034def806f348cadf6a80660aed1cfc30ccbd1492a8ea87062800ea94d",
    "confirmations" : 3,
    "time" : 1409224896,
    "blocktime" : 1409224896
}

步骤 4:通过多重签名功能完成支付

现在我们假定交易已完成,那么买卖双方都会得到满意的结果。如果卖方希望领取个人的达世币,那么在2 -3多重签名的情况下,交易需要取得三方中的两方的签名许可(即卖方的签名加上买方或仲裁者的签名)。这时候,卖方就可以创建交易了(在这里,我们重复使用了上述的公共地址)。

卖方:

seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli createrawtransaction '[{"txid":"a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951","vout":0}]' '{"n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk":777.77}'
010000000151b93caa8a557bcf3e042f7901d09bfb7e02ebb7f9dbbddba891ceca5bbfb3a80000000000ffffffff0140d6de1b120000001976a914d728be76cd74b5d148eba2a49246b80dac12f73e88ac00000000

使用redeemScript、scriptPubKey和个人私钥对多重签名交易进行部分签名

卖方:

seller@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli signrawtransaction '010000000151b93caa8a557bcf3e042f7901d09bfb7e02ebb7f9dbbddba891ceca5bbfb3a80000000000ffffffff0140d6de1b120000001976a914d728be76cd74b5d148eba2a49246b80dac12f73e88ac00000000' '[{"txid":"a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951","vout":0,"scriptPubKey":"a91415c85c2472f5941b60a49462a2cfd0d17ab49d1c87","redeemScript":"522102a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e210315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c210287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce53ae"}]' '["cVQVgBr8sW4FTPYz16BSCo1PcAfDhpJArgMPdLxKZQWcVFwMXRXx"]'
{
    "hex" : "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",
    "complete" : false
}

值得注意的是,十六进制的输出变得越来越长,但由于交易还需要另一个签名,因此输出的完成情况备注为 “false” 。这时,买方或仲裁者就可以使用上述输出和私钥来完成交易签名了。我们假设买方正在完成签名。

买方:

buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli signrawtransaction '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' '[{"txid":"a8b3bf5bcace91a8dbbddbf9b7eb027efb9bd001792f043ecf7b558aaa3cb951","vout":0,"scriptPubKey":"a91415c85c2472f5941b60a49462a2cfd0d17ab49d1c87","redeemScript":"522102a862b412ff9e3afd01a2873a02622897f6df92e3fc85597788b898309fec882e210315617694c9d93f0ce92769e050a6868ffc74d229077379c0af8bfb193c3d351c210287ce6cf69b85593ce7db801874c9a2fb1b653dbe5dd9ebfa73e98b710af9e9ce53ae"}]' '["cP9DFmEDb11waWbQ8eG1YUoZCGe59BBxJF3kk95PTMXuG9HzcxnU"]'
{
    "hex" : "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",
    "complete" : true
}

现在交易签名已经完成了,任何一方都可以将交易传输到达世币网络上了。

买方:

buyer@testnet03:~$ ./dash-cli sendrawtransaction 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
cf1a75672006a05b38d94acabb783f81976c9e83a8de4da9cbec0de711cf2d71

同样,用户也可以在区块浏览器中跟进交易。卖方也很乐意在如下所示的个人公共地址上接收达世币。

卖方:

seller@testnet03:~$ dash-cli listtransactions "" 1
[
    {
        "account" : "",
        "address" : "n18cPEtj4ZfToPZxRszUz2XPts4eGsxiPk",
        "category" : "receive",
        "amount" : 777.77000000,
        "confirmations" : 17,
        "blockhash" : "000000067a13e9bd5c1d5ff48cb4b9f8414a6adcc470656262731bfd013510dd",
        "blockindex" : 9,
        "blocktime" : 1409228449,
        "txid" : "cf1a75672006a05b38d94acabb783f81976c9e83a8de4da9cbec0de711cf2d71",
        "time" : 1409227887,
        "timereceived" : 1409227887
    }
]

Daemon

Dash can be run as a background process (or daemon) on Linux systems. This is particularly useful if you are running Dash as a server instead of as a GUI node. This guide assumes you have installed Dash Core for Linux as described in the Linux安装指南.

  1. Create a user and group to run the daemon:

    sudo useradd -m dash -s /bin/bash
    
  2. Create a data directory for Dash in the new user’s home directory:

    sudo -u dash mkdir -p /home/dash/.dashcore
    
  3. Create a configuration file in the new Dash data directory:

    sudo -u dash nano /home/dash/.dashcore/dash.conf
    
  4. Paste the following basic configuration to your dash.conf file, replacing the password with a long and random password:

    listen=1
    server=1
    daemon=1
    
  5. Register the dashd daemon as a system service by creating the following file:

    sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/dashd.service
    
  6. Paste the following daemon configuration into the file:

    [Unit]
    Description=Dash Core Daemon
    After=syslog.target network-online.target
    
    [Service]
    Type=forking
    User=dash
    Group=dash
    OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
    ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/dashd -pid=/home/dash/.dashcore/dashd.pid
    TimeoutStartSec=10m
    ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/dash-cli stop
    TimeoutStopSec=120
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=120
    StartLimitInterval=300
    StartLimitBurst=3
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    
  7. Register and start the daemon with systemd:

    sudo systemctl daemon-reload
    sudo systemctl enable dashd
    sudo systemctl start dashd
    

Dash is now installed as a system daemon. View the status as follows:

systemctl status dashd

View logs as follows:

sudo journalctl -u dashd

Tor

Tor is free and open-source software for enabling anonymous communication. The name derived from the acronym for the original software project name “The Onion Router”. Tor directs Internet traffic through a free, worldwide, volunteer overlay network consisting of more than seven thousand relays to conceal a user’s location and usage from anyone conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis.

Dash Core GUI

Dash Core traffic can be directed to pass through Tor by specifying a running Tor service as a proxy. First install Tor by visiting https://www.torproject.org/download/ and downloading the appropriate Tor Browser bundle for your system. Set up the Tor browser by following the documentation on Installation and Running Tor Browser for the First Time.

Once Tor Browser is running, you have two options to configure Dash Core to use Tor for network traffic.

  1. Using the GUI: Start Dash Core and go to Settings > Options > Network and enable the Connect through SOCKS5 proxy setting. Specify 127.0.0.1 for the Proxy IP and 9150 for the Port. Click OK and restart Dash Core.
  2. Using dash.conf: Ensure Dash Core is not running and edit your dash.conf settings file. Add the line proxy=127.0.0.1:9150, save the file and start Dash Core.

You are now connected through the Tor network. You will need to remember to start the Tor Browser each time before you start Dash Core or you will not be able to sync.

Tor onion service

Tor onion services allows other users to connect to your Dash node using an onion address, providing further anonymity by concealing your IP address. Follow these steps to set up an onion service under Ubuntu Linux:

  1. Install tor:

    sudo apt install tor
    
  2. Add the following line to the torrc file:

    sudo bash -c "echo -e 'ControlPort 9051\nCookieAuthentication 1\nCookieAuthFileGroupReadable 1' >> /etc/tor/torrc"
    
  3. Restart Tor:

    sudo systemctl restart tor
    
  4. Determine the group Tor is running under (usually the last entry in your groups file):

    tail /etc/group
    

    The group is usually debian-tor under Debian-based Linux distributions.

  5. Add the user running Dash to the Tor group:

    sudo usermod -aG debian-tor dash
    
  6. Add the following two lines to dash.conf:

    proxy=127.0.0.1:9050
    torcontrol=127.0.0.1:9051
    
  7. Restart Dash and monitor debug.log for onion informatoin:

    grep -i onion ~/.dashcore/debug.log
    

    You should see a line similar to the following:

    2020-06-29 03:43:57 tor: Got service ID knup3fvr6fyvypu7, advertising service knup3fvr6fyvypu7.onion:19999
    

Your onion service is now available at the shown address.

多款钱包

用户可以通过 wallet 参数来启动Dash Core钱包,并在此时选用不同类型的钱包。此外,用户还可以通过 datadir 参数来指定不同的数据目录,从而同时运行Dash Core钱包的不同实例。

首先,用户应根据安装指南的指示在个人的计算机系统上安装Dash Core钱包。在 初次运行Dash Core钱包的时候 ,用户可以决定是否将独立的 wallet.dat 文件保存在默认地址上(如果用户不需要同时运行钱包,那就更简单了)。用户也可以指定完全独立的数据目录,例如 C:\Dash1 (如果用户希望同时运行钱包,那么设置将相对更简单)。

独立的wallet.dat文件

在这种情况下,用户需要分别通过不同的钱包文件在桌面上创建两个快捷方式。具体来说,用户需要导航到用于启动Dash Core钱包的二进制文件(文件通常位于 C:\Program Files\DashCore\dash-qt.exe 或在类似文件中),然后在桌面上创建两个快捷方式。随后,达世币需要打开这些快捷方式的 属性 窗口。

../../_images/shortcuts.png

使用Windows 10创建桌面快捷方式

通过在启动钱包时指定 钱包 参数,用户可以修改各个快捷方式的 目标 属性,从而指向不同的钱包文件。如果用户没有指定 钱包 参数,那么钱包将默认使用 wallet.dat 。如果指定的钱包文件并不存在,那么文件将会自行创建。下文以 workwallet.dathomewallet.dat 这两个文件为例:

  • Wallet Target 1: "C:\Program Files\DashCore\dash-qt.exe" -wallet=workwallet.dat
  • Wallet Target 2: "C:\Program Files\DashCore\dash-qt.exe" -wallet=homewallet.dat
../../_images/walletfiles.png

指定独立的钱包文件

现在,用户可以使用这两个快捷图标轻松迅速地从桌面打开不同的钱包了。请注意,用户无法同时打开两个钱包。如果用户需要两个独立的数据目录,操作步骤如下所述。

独立的数据目录

用户需启动Dash Core钱包,并等待钱包与网络同步,然后再关闭Dash Core钱包。此时,用户可以创建两个独立的数据目录,例如 C:\Dash1C:\Dash2 ,然后将同步数据目录下的 blockschainstate 复制到新的目录之下。它们将作为独立的数据目录,帮助Dash Core钱包同时运行不同的实例。用户可参照上述步骤创建两个(或更多的)快捷方式,并按以下方式为 datadir 指定参数。

  • Datadir Target 1: "C:\Program Files\DashCore\dash-qt.exe" -datadir=C:\Dash1 -listen=0
  • Datadir Target 2: "C:\Program Files\DashCore\dash-qt.exe" -datadir=C:\Dash2 -listen=0
../../_images/datadirs.png

指定独立的数据路径

现在,用户可以使用这两个快捷图标快速轻松地从桌面打开不同的钱包了。两个钱包都独立地保存着区块链的完整副本,这可能会占用较大的磁盘空间。为了更有效地使用磁盘空间,用户可以考虑使用SPV或 “轻”钱包。在这种情况下,用户可以参照达世币轻钱包的指示在无需保存区块链完整副本的前提下维护多个独立的钱包。

../../_images/2wallets.png

Dash Core钱包同时运行两个实例

KeePass

从0.11.0版本开始,Dash Core钱包支持与流行的开源密码管理器KeePass的集成。本指南介绍了Dash Core钱包与KeePass之间建立关联的步骤,并指导用户通过集成在KeePass上保存Dash Core钱包的密码。在用户完成上述操作后, 用户就可以通过KeePass来解锁钱包了。

安装

用户可能需要参考以下网址上的信息:

如果未安装,则根据下方链接指南进行安装:

命令

用户可以在Dash Core钱包的客户端或服务器上使用以下的KeePass远程过程调用命令:

keepass genkey
用户可生成base64编码的256位AES密钥,以便用于与KeePassHttp之间的通信。只有人工设置才需要用到这一命令,自动设置用到的则是init命令。
keepass init
用户可以通过生成AES密钥并向KeePassHttp发送关联消息来设置达世币和KeePass之间的关联。在此期间,KeePass将申请建立关联所需的ID。随后,达世币核心钱包将返回AES密钥的关联和Base64编码字符串。
keepass setpassphrase
更新KeePassHttp中的密码,此密码应与用户想要用于钱包的密码相匹配。请注意,标准的远程过程调用命令walletpassphrasechange和来自QT GUI的钱包加密已经将更新发送到了KeePassHttp,因此只有人工设置才需要借助KeePassHttp的密码更新。

以下新参数可用于dashd和dash-qt:

keepass
借助KeePassHttp插件来使用KeePass 2集成功能(默认值:0)
keepassport=<port>
通过端口<port>上连接到KeePassHttp(默认值:19455)
keepasskey=<key>
借助KeePassHttp密钥使用KeePass 加密通信功能
keepassid=<name>
已建立关联的KeePassHttp身份
keepassname=<name>
用于为KeePass条目构建网址的名称。该条目存储了钱包的密码