理解达世币管理#

构建加密数字货币平台的最大挑战之一是确保您创建一个去中心化的管理系统来管理、资助、维护和扩展项目。到目前为止,这个关键元素在每一种主要货币中都没有出现,因此自然的反应是创建一个非盈利的基金会,负责维持核心协议和推广数字货币,但实际上该基金会并没有以任何有意义的方式与币的持有者建立联系。这种方法有几个问题,这些问题从较老的加密货币平台的经验中可以看出。

目前的加密数字货币基金会与货币本身并没有任何被包含在协议内的机制的关联,并且在使用者失去兴趣时,他们的寿命也不会超过早期的使用者。然后该基金会努力维持资金,直到它内部崩溃且协议的核心发展被抛在一边以争夺资金,或者依赖于不被指望的慈善机构,基金会不允许有适当的预算和规划。捐款对捐助者也是不公平的,因为总会有免费搭便车者在不捐款的情况下从他人的努力中受益。其他项目的资金来源是预挖的币或进行预发行销售,这也不是一个很好的解决办法,因为资金的控制是集中的,而且在那个阶段不可能量化项目的未来需求。

通过全节点网络和保证金的需求,达世币已经拥有一个去中心化的主节点运营者网络,这些运营者对货币的未来进行了大量投资,并且作为一个团体可以充当核心协议开发和推广的管理者。我们提出了一种基于主节点投票机制的去中心化管理系统。主节点运营者不是唯一对达世币成功感兴趣的团体,但他们是最稳定的,因为,与矿工不同,他们不能因为任何其他目的或项目再次利用他们的资产。

In the budget system, a portion of the block subsidy is held in escrow by the network itself, in the name of the operators, to be executed in the development and expansion of the ecosystem according to the vote of the masternodes in different budget proposals. These funds are directed to supporting development and promotion of the coin. Masternode operators vote on specific budgets and projects to be funded, thus defining the direction the coin is taking. This is done in a completely transparent way through a public portal where new initiatives are proposed and masternodes can vote on them. Functioning like a decentralized Kickstarter or Lighthouse, the budget can be used for anything that creates value within the ecosystem.

这是一个100%由主节点主导的去中心化的系统,该系统中的预算由区块链直接设定和支付。区块链以这种方式雇用核心开发人员,并引入了付费区块链承包商的新概念,在那里人们通过所有主节点运营者的去中心化投票,为网络工作并直接得到网络的奖励。这种模式的一个优点是它可以在早期使用者中存活下来。如果早期的主节点运营者出售他们的达世币,新的所有者可以设立一个主节点,并由此获得对预算和项目的投票权。这保证了在人们来来去去时有一个维护的工作系统,使网络能够在不依赖特定行为者的情况下独立维持自己。

预算和主节点投票#

这个系统作为一种去中心化的投票机制,设置在有关区块链的规则中,在该系统中具体项目的预算被提出,然后由主节点作为一个整体对它们进行投票。对于每一个项目,如果预算被通过,它将被添加到总预算中并直接从区块链支付给工作人员。这允许达世币雇用核心开发人员,并在以去中心化的方式批准工作后直接支付给他们。

主节点使用示例命令 “masternode vote yes”, “masternode vote no” 或 “masternode vote abstain 对提案(从技术上说是区块链上的管理对象)进行投票。然后选票在网络中传播,并根据网络本身所遵循的指令进行统计。讨论和投票过程中的预算可以使用示例命令 “masternode budget show” 查看。

一个明确的去中心化管理系统允许一个加密数字货币网络比其原始创建者承受和生存更长时间。这样,下一代的主节点运营者就有了一条清晰的方式来支持协议本身定义的系统,即运用由主节点保证金建立的群体技术的智慧和信任纽带来创建一个去中心化的管理系统。这在达世币内部创造了难以置信的价值,使我们能够更灵活地在全球范围内与其他支付系统,如比特币和信用卡竞争。

随着系统的发展,一支由区块链奖励支付的强大的承包商团队已经出现并建立起来。这包括核心开发团队、托管提供商、新闻和报道人员、试验性开发实验室、与大学的伙伴关系、招聘营销和公关公司以及与第三方交易所和支付平台的整合。市场认识到了整个网络的稳定性的价值,并且有可能获得可靠的、充足的资金,从而更快、更一致地实施达世币路线图和核心达世币服务。

奖赏计划#

To guarantee long term sustainability of the blockchain, the network keeps a portion of the block subsidy back as new blocks are created, with the masternode operators tasked to act as stewards and invest in the maintenance and expansion of the network by voting. This results in faster development and promotion, creating a virtuous cycle that benefits all actors, including miners, masternode operators, investors and users. More importantly, this gives the blockchain itself a self- preservation mechanism that is beyond the control of any individual.

80%

Mining and Masternode Reward

20%

去中心化预算管理

Masternodes and miners split 80% of the mining subsidy per the distribution found here, at the time it is created. The remaining 20% is disbursed monthly by the masternode operators once the results of their votes are tallied, creating the first self-sustaining decentralized cryptocurrency platform organized as a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). The masternode operators establish a social contract with the network they benefit from and are bound to act as caretakers, dedicating their time, due diligence work and a portion of the network rewards to furthering the ecosystem. This has a ripple effect that benefits all parties involved - especially the end users.

由实施提案而完成的工作所产生的价值预计将大于分配给矿工的100%的奖励,因为网络所需要的不仅仅是以加密方式保护区块链。预期的结果不仅对提案获胜者,而且对主节点运营者、矿工和正常用户都有更大的净收益。事实上,去中心化管理预算本身的引入由主节点投票决定,该引入使第一个分布式决策实际创建了系统,情况类似于建立宪法。

This approach of distributing the normal block subsidy in a way that considers all critical elements a cryptocurrency needs for its long term viability, e.g. mining, full nodes, development and promotion, is revolutionary as it is done without changing the emission or creating any additional inflation for investors. The network simply distributes the available resources in a way that is of greater net benefit to all parties.

承包商和提案#

Contractors of the blockchain can be developers, outreach professionals, team leaders, attorneys or even people appointed to do specific tasks. Proposals generally begin life as simple pre-proposal forum posts on the Dash Forum, where feedback and suggestions are solicited from the general community. Once the proposal owner decides they have a reasonable chance of passing their proposal, it is created as a governance object on the blockchain. A fee of 1 DASH is associated with this action to prevent spam and ensure only serious proposals make it to this stage. Several tools exist to allow masternode operators to comfortably review and vote on proposals. The net total of yes votes must exceed 10% of the total masternode count at the time votes are tallied in order to pass. If there are more passing proposals than the available block subsidy can provide for, the proposals with the most yes votes will pass first, creating a cut-off point for less popular proposals. The same process is then repeated every month, and the total amount of Dash available for proposals decreases by approximately 7.14% per year, together with the overall block subsidy.

下面由 Tao of Satoshi摄制的视频包括了在激烈竞争可用的预算资金期间,向提交了提案的提案所有者们提供的意见:

提案网站#

The community has gathered around DashCentral as a website to facilitate discussion and voting on proposals formally entered on the Dash blockchain. Other websites like Dash Ninja are available to monitor progress over time and gather more detailed statistics. Dash Masternode Tool also allows for voting without the need to share masternode private keys with a third party service.

../../../_images/governance-dashcentral.png

关于对Dash Central提案讨论和投票的典型观点#

每项提案都说明了提案目标、哪些工作将被开展的详细信息以及所要求的预算细目。许多提案还链接到他们自己的网站或预提案讨论,或包括一段视频,以验证提案所有者的身份和诚意。关于Dash Central的讨论发生在这些信息下面,主节点所有者可以选择验证他们对主节点的所有权,并能够通过签署主节点附属地址的消息进行投票。主节点可以随时投票,也可以随时更改投票,直到截止区被开采且投票停止。这一过程发生在超级块生成之前的1662个块中。投票停止后,区块链执行一个去中心化的计票,并验证所有的投票。一旦达成共识,结果将被广播,预算将很快在超级块中分配。

../../../_images/governance-dashcentral-vote.png

Dash Central上的提案细节和投票按钮#

Once passed, proposals are able to report back to the network on the Dash Forum or via published public channels and social media. Since it is possible to create proposals that pay out over several months, it is also possible to revoke funding from a project by changing the vote if development or spending of already allocated funds is unsatisfactory. This encourages proposal owners to work honestly and diligently to win the trust and approval of the network. Ongoing discussion and gradual improvement over time results in a close bond between the network and those working for the network in supporting roles.

Voting on proposals is updated in real time via P2P messages and stored by Dash in cache files, so current winning proposals and the total allocation of the available budget are always open and visible to everyone. Dash Central is a popular site used for to view progress on proposal voting.

../../../_images/governance-dashcentral.png

Monitoring budget allocation on Dash Central#

Finally, Dash Watch (which was itself funded through a budget proposal) exists to monitor the ability of blockchain contractors to deliver on their promises with respect to delivery dates and the total amounts of budget allocated over multiple voting periods. A team of dedicated staff routinely interact with proposal owners to track progress of the various projects and provide reports to voting masternodes in a single location. While providing data on the performance of your proposal to Dash Watch is optional, many masternode owners take advantage of the data they make available to make their voting decisions. The Dash Watch team may be contacted at team@dashwatch.org email address or through their website.

../../../_images/governance-dashwatch.png

Dash Watch的提案监测#

预算分配#

The total budget of the network can be calculated by taking 20% of the block subsidy over the period of time between two superblocks, which occur every 16616 blocks or approximately 30.29 days. A voting cutoff occurs 1662 blocks before the superblock, and the final votes are tallied at this point. A proposal must satisfy the condition (YES votes - NO votes) > (Total Number of Masternodes / 10) in order to be considered passing. Then, in the superblock, the winning proposals are awarded in the order of the margin by which they are passing until either the entire budget is allocated or no more passing proposals exist. This allows for completely trustless and decentralized allocation of the budget.

如果一项提案已经通过投票门槛,但已经没有足够的资金支付所要求的全部数额,它将得不到部分资金。相反,任何已经通过了预算门槛的较小提案,即使它们相较于较大的提案有较低的净批准,也将获得资助。要求在多个预算期间支付的提案将在其有效期内保留在财政系统中,即使这些提案没有通过投票门槛,即使如上文所述,这些提案没有充足的预算用于提供资金。任何未分配的预算都不会在超级块中创建,从而减少不必要的通货膨胀。

由于主节点系统的去中心化性质,有时需要组建一些资助机构,如委员会或公司,负责某些项目或任务。这些都是以同样的方式提交,但委员会本身收到资金。另一种选择是将受信任的托管服务放置在预算分配事件和提案的实际提交者之间,以确保工作在交付时分阶段支付。有时需要对区块链承包商进行一些监督。每个预算项目都需要一个团队经理或一个委员会负责工作的实施。该经理应该定期报告预算支出和已完成的工作,以显示从分配的资金中创造的价值。这允许重复提案提交者建立声誉并获得社区的信任。不提供定期报告且不能回答有关其预算分配问题的提案,如果它是每月定期提案周期的一部分,该提案将很快被取消。其结果是形成了一种自我管理系统。

扩容和未来使用#

随着区块链承包商数量的增加,达到了一个预计主节点运营者无法现实地评估提案数量的点上。此时,根据目前的需要,可以创建一些资助机构作为承包商,以向众多较小的去中心化项目分散资金。Dash Core Group, Inc.就是此类机构的一个例子。

去中心化预算系统的存在将决定达世币未来走向的权力掌握在主节点网络本身的手中。所有的核心开发和几个周边开发人员已经从预算中得到了资金支持,并且此时甚至无法想象的项目在未来可能会出现。这将使区块链的生存和价值与当前的用户群和开发人员分离出来,从而使达世币成为第一个旨在比其原始用户寿命更长的区块链,这是一个可以自我保持可持续协调运作的去中心化加密数字货币网络,并为终端用户带来一致的增值服务。

结论#

每个主节点运营者都与网络建立信任关系和社会契约,在网络中她必须为她所受益的生态系统的开发和维护做出贡献。在这种模式下,运营者必须得到的部分资金在某种意义上是在监管而不是在所有权中被分配,并由网络托管,由运营者为了生态系统的利益而执行。每个人都对他们所得到的利益和所承担的风险作出平等和成比例的贡献,没有特权,也没有漏洞。这得到了全节点投票机制的补充,该机制允许分布式组织在实际问题上进行连续投票,而不需要像传统政府或合作公司那样每隔几年就失去决定的权利。

我们设想一种未来,在未来这种透明、牢不可破和可核查的公益贡献模式,再加上民众通过积极投票的持续参与,被用于管理由其成员共同拥有或共同经营的组织,这些成员共享这些集体,如政府、合作公司、工会、DAOs、加密数字货币等的利益和责任。我们称这种模式为区块链的去中心化管理。