Advanced functions#
Dash Electrum is based on Electrum, a Bitcoin wallet. Most functions are identical, which means it is not necessary to reproduce the entirety of the Electrum documentation here. The following sections describe some frequently used advanced functions. For further details on other advanced functions in Electrum for both Bitcoin and Dash, please click the links below.
PrivateSend#
PrivateSend offers users enhanced privacy when creating transactions by splitting the user’s balance into a number of predefined denominations in advance of spending. This process is known as CoinJoin. PrivateSend is available in Dash Electrum versions 3.3.8.3 and higher, with support for hardware wallets added in 3.3.8.7.
Processing and sending#
To start PrivateSend processing in Dash Electrum, select Wallet > PrivateSend or click the PS icon in the lower right corner of the main window. The following window appears:
Enter the Amount of Dash to keep anonymized and the number of PrivateSend rounds to use. Then click Enable PrivateSend, followed by Start Mixing. The process will begin, and the Mixing Progress bar shows the completion progress. Additional information on the process is available on the Info and Log tabs.
When processing is complete, simply check the PrivateSend checkbox on the Send tab before sending your transaction. Dash Electrum will only use Dash processed according to your specifications for the transaction.
Hardware Wallets#
You can use hardware wallets with Dash Electrum. Under Linux, it may be necessary to first install dependencies and udev rules as follows:
sudo apt-get install python3-dev python3-pip cython3 libusb-1.0-0-dev libudev-dev
sudo pip3 install trezor
PrivateSend processing is also supported. Starting PrivateSend processing in Dash Electrum with a hardware wallet will generate a new HD wallet and mnemonic for the PrivateSend keystore. A transaction from the hardware wallet to an address in this keystore will be created, and processing will begin. You can then spend the processed Dash, or send it back to your hardware wallet.
Masternodes#
Dash Electrum supports masternode creation through the DIP3 tab.
DIP3#
The DIP3 tab can be enabled via the View > Show DIP3 menu. This tab displays the status of your masternode(s) and also allows viewing a list of all registered masternodes on the network.
The tab displays the following data about each masternode you have set up:
The alias (name) of the masternode.
The state of the masternode (e.g. whether it has been activated).
The keys
The Provider Registration transaction hash of the masternode.
The IP address and port that your masternode can be reached at.
Masternode setup#
To setup a masternode, navigate to the DIP3 tab and click the Add/Import button.
Note
If combined with Electrum’s multisig features the masternode collateral can be stored in a multisig wallet for increased security flexibility. See this page for the Dash Electrum documentation demonstrating how to configure a masternode using a multisig collateral.
Always exercise caution when using multisig accounts and verify that each mnemonic is backed up appropriately.
Electrum supports creating/registering new masternodes as well as importing and
registering legacy masternodes via a masternode.conf
file. At this point
very few legacy masternodes are present, so only the Create and register DIP3
Masternode option will be covered in detail.
There are two supported ownership types: owner-only and owner/operator. The primary difference during setup is whether or not the operator BLS private key is stored in Electrum. The following steps show the creation of a self-hosted masternode so both ownership type checkboxes are selected. Click Next to continue.
To start a masternode, you must have a 1000 DASH plus a small amount for fees available in your wallet. Leave Create collateral as ProRegTx output checked and click Next.
Certain information about your masternode is required. The IP address and port that your masternode uses must be supplied. Click Next after entering them (the port will be set to the default mainnet port of 9999 automatically).
Each masternode requires three addresses: owner, voting, and payout. Electrum will automatically select addresses from your wallet. Click Next to continue.
A masternode requires a BLS “operator” key as described in DIP3. If you manage your own masternode, both Dash Electrum and your masternode must know the operator private key. Your masternode will use the private key to sign messages, and the Dash network will know that you authorized it to do so.
Electrum will generate the required BLS private/public key pair and provide you
with the line that must be copied to the masternode for proper masternode
configuration. Click Next after copying this line to your masternode’s
dash.conf
file.
All parameters are now configured. This screen shows the configuration details and allows you to save the information. Make sure the Make ProRegTx after saving Masternode data box is checked, then click Save. The Send tab will open and be populated with the info necessary to register the masternode.
Registering your masternode#
Since the ProRegTx information required to register the masternode was filled out by the previous step, just Click Pay… to complete the registration.
Note
To complete registration of any previously setup masternode, go to the DIP3 tab, select the unregistered masternode from the list of Wallet MNs, and click Register.
Enter your password and click Send to broadcast the registration transaction.
The transaction hash will be displayed once the transaction has been sent successfully. This ProRegTx hash is used by the network to uniquely identify the masternode. Click OK to close the screen.
Prior to the ProRegTx being confirmed the new masternode will appear as unregistered on the DIP3 tab.
Once the ProRegTx has been confirmed, the new masternode will appear as registered on the DIP3 tab.
Updating masternode registration#
To update masternode registration information, navigate to the DIP3 tab and click the Update Registrar button.
The masternode owner may update the voting and payout addresses at any time. Addresses from the current wallet can be selected from the drop down menu or addresses from a different wallet (e.g. a hardware wallet) can be pasted into either field. Click Next to continue.
The masternode owner may also update the operator BLS key at any time. Click Next to continue.
Warning
Any time the the operator private key is changed it must be copied into the
dash.conf
file on the masternode. Electrum will provide a notification
with instructions when this is required.
All parameters are now configured. This screen shows the updated configuration details. Click Prepare ProUpRegTx to continue. The Send tab will open and be populated with the info necessary to update the masternode.
The ProUpRegTx information required to update the masternode registration was filled out by the previous step so just Click Pay… to complete the update.
Enter your password and click Send to broadcast the update transaction.
The transaction hash will be displayed once the transaction has been sent successfully. Click OK to close the screen.
Updating masternode service parameters#
The masternode service may need to be updated to:
Change the IP address, port, or operator payout address of a masternode
Revive a masternode that was Proof of Service (PoSe) banned
To update masternode service information, navigate to the DIP3 tab and click the Update Service button.
The masternode operator may update the IP address and port at any time. Update the IP address and click Next to continue.
All parameters are now configured. This screen shows the updated configuration details. Click Prepare ProUpServTx to continue. The Send tab will open and be populated with the info necessary to update the masternode.
The ProUpServTx information required to update the masternode was filled out by the previous step so just Click Pay… to complete the update.
Enter your password and click Send to broadcast the update transaction.
The transaction hash will be displayed once the transaction has been sent successfully. Click OK to close the screen.
Multisig wallets#
This tutorial shows how to create a 2 of 2 multisig wallet. A 2 of 2 multisig consists of 2 separate wallets (usually on separate machines and potentially controlled by separate people) that have to be used in conjunction in order to access the funds. Both wallets have the same set of addresses.
A common use-case for this is if you want to collaboratively control funds: maybe you and your friend run a company together and certain funds should only be spendable if you both agree.
Another one is security: one of the wallets can be on your main machine, while the other one is on a offline machine. That way you make it very hard for an attacker or malware to steal your coins.
Create a pair of 2-of-2 wallets#
Each cosigner needs to do this: In the menu select File > New, then select Multi-signature wallet. On the next screen, select 2 of 2.
After generating and confirming your recovery seed, you will be shown the xpub address for this wallet.
After generating a seed (keep it safely!) you will need to provide the master public key of the other wallet. Of course when you create the other wallet, you put the master public key of the first wallet.
You will need to do this in parallel for the two wallets. Note that you can press cancel during this step, and reopen the file later.
Receiving#
Check that both wallets generate the same set of Addresses. You can now send to these Addresses (note they start with a “7”) with any wallet that can send to P2SH Addresses.
Sending#
To spend coins from a 2-of-2 wallet, two cosigners need to sign a transaction collaboratively. To accomplish this, create a transaction using one of the wallets (by filling out the form on the Send tab). After signing, a window is shown with the transaction details.
The transaction now has to be sent to the second wallet. Several options are available for this:
You can transfer the file on a USB stick
You can save the partially signed transaction to a file (using the Save button), transfer that to the machine where the second wallet is running (via USB stick, for example) and load it there (using Tools > Load transaction > From file)
You can use QR codes
A button showing a QR code icon is also available. Clicking this button will display a QR code containing the transaction, which can be scanned into the second wallet (Tools > Load Transaction > From QR Code)
With both of the above methods, you can now add the second signature to the transaction (using the Sign button). It will then be broadcast to the network.
Sweep a paper wallet#
You may have received a paper wallet as a gift from another Dash user, or previously stored one in a safe deposit box. Funds are swept from a paper wallet into a live wallet by importing its private key, which is a long sequence of characters starting with the number “7” or the capital letter “X”. The example below displays a private key (WIF format).
Funds from paper wallets are swept into an Dash Electrum Wallet by creating a transaction using the private key and sending it to a new address from your wallet. This is necessary because it is not possible to add new public or private keys to an existing deterministic series of addresses derived from a seed phrase.
Begin by selecting the Wallet > Private Keys > Sweep menu item. The Sweep private keys dialog will appear, where you can paste your private key(s). An unused address controlled by your Dash Electrum wallet appears in the lower field, and can be changed by clicking the Address button. Once you have pasted your private key, click the Sweep button.
Dash Electrum then prepares a transaction using the private key you just imported to derive the public address for the transaction input and the address from your wallet as the output, and signs the message. Click Broadcast to enter the transaction on the blockchain. The balance will then appear in your wallet under the specified address. The address you swept is left with zero balance.
Cold storage#
This section shows how to create an offline wallet that holds your Dash and a watching-only online wallet that is used to view its history and to create transactions that have to be signed with the offline wallet before being broadcast on the online one.
Create an offline wallet#
Create a wallet on an offline machine, as per the usual process (File > New). After creating the wallet, go to Wallet -> Master Public Keys.
The Master Public Key of your wallet is the string shown in this popup window. Transfer that key to your online machine somehow.
Create a watching-only version of your wallet#
On your online machine, open Dash Electrum and select File > New/Restore. Enter a name for the wallet and select Use public or private keys. Paste your master public key in the box. Click Next to complete the creation of your wallet. When you’re done, you should see a popup informing you that you are opening a watching-only wallet.
The transaction history of your cold wallet should then appear.
Create an unsigned transaction#
Go to the Send tab on your online watching-only wallet, input the transaction data and click Send. A window will appear to inform you that a transaction fee will be added. Continue. In the window that appears up, click Save and save the transaction file somewhere on your computer. Close the window and transfer the transaction file to your offline machine (e.g. with a USB stick).
Sign your transaction#
On your offline wallet, select Tools > Load transaction -> From file in the menu and select the transaction file created in the previous step. Click Sign. Once the transaction is signed, the Transaction ID appears in its designated field. Click Save, store the file somewhere on your computer, and transfer it back to your online machine.
Broadcast your transaction#
On your online machine, select Tools -> Load transaction -> From file from the menu. Select the signed transaction file. In the window that opens up, click Broadcast. The transaction will be broadcast over the Dash network.
Command line#
Dash Electrum has a powerful command line available when running under Linux or macOS. This section will show you a few basic principles.
Using the inline help#
To see the list of Dash Electrum commands, type:
electrum help
To see the documentation for a command, type:
electrum help <command>
Magic words#
The arguments passed to commands may be one of the following magic words: ! ? : -.
The exclamation mark ! is a shortcut that means ‘the maximum amount available’. Note that the transaction fee will be computed and deducted from the amount. Example:
electrum payto Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq !
A question mark ? means that you want the parameter to be prompted. Example:
electrum signmessage Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq ?
Use a colon : if you want the prompted parameter to be hidden (not echoed in your terminal). Note that you will be prompted twice in this example, first for the private key, then for your wallet password:
electrum importprivkey :
A parameter replaced by a dash - will be read from standard input (in a pipe):
cat LICENCE | electrum signmessage Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq -
Aliases#
You can use DNS aliases in place of bitcoin addresses, in most commands:
electrum payto ecdsa.net !
Formatting outputs using jq#
Command outputs are either simple strings or json structured data. A very useful utility is the ‘jq’ program. Install it with:
sudo apt-get install jq
The following examples use it.
Sign and verify message#
We may use a variable to store the signature, and verify it:
sig=$(cat LICENCE| electrum signmessage Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq -)
And:
cat LICENCE | electrum verifymessage Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq $sig -
Show the values of your unspents#
The listunspent command returns a list of dict objects, with various fields. Suppose we want to extract the value field of each record. This can be achieved with the jq command:
electrum listunspent | jq 'map(.value)'
Select only incoming transactions from history#
Incoming transactions have a positive ‘value’ field:
electrum history | jq '.[] | select(.value>0)'
Filter transactions by date#
The following command selects transactions that were timestamped after a given date:
after=$(date -d '07/01/2015' +"%s")
electrum history | jq --arg after $after '.[] | select(.timestamp>($after|tonumber))'
Similarly, we may export transactions for a given time period:
before=$(date -d '08/01/2015' +"%s")
after=$(date -d '07/01/2015' +"%s")
electrum history | jq --arg before $before --arg after $after '.[] | select(.timestamp>($after|tonumber) and .timestamp<($before|tonumber))'
Encrypt and decrypt messages#
First we need the public key of a wallet address:
pk=$(electrum getpubkeys Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq| jq -r '.[0]')
Encrypt:
cat | electrum encrypt $pk -
Decrypt:
electrum decrypt $pk ?
Note: this command will prompt for the encrypted message, then for the wallet password.
Export private keys and sweep coins#
The following command will export the private keys of all wallet addresses that hold some Dash:
electrum listaddresses --funded | electrum getprivatekeys -
This will return a list of lists of private keys. In most cases, you want to get a simple list. This can be done by adding a jq filer, as follows:
electrum listaddresses --funded | electrum getprivatekeys - | jq 'map(.[0])'
Finally, let us use this list of private keys as input to the sweep command:
electrum listaddresses --funded | electrum getprivatekeys - | jq 'map(.[0])' | electrum sweep - [destination address]
Using cold storage with the command line#
This section will show you how to sign a transaction with an offline Dash Electrum wallet using the command line.
Create an unsigned transaction#
With your online (watching-only) wallet, create an unsigned transaction:
electrum payto Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq 0.1 --unsigned > unsigned.txn
The unsigned transaction is stored in a file named ‘unsigned.txn’. Note that the –unsigned option is not needed if you use a watching-only wallet.
You may view it using:
cat unsigned.txn | electrum deserialize -
Sign the transaction#
The serialization format of Dash Electrum contains the master public key needed and key derivation used by the offline wallet to sign the transaction. Thus we only need to pass the serialized transaction to the offline wallet:
cat unsigned.txn | electrum signtransaction - > signed.txn
The command will ask for your password, and save the signed transaction in ‘signed.txn’.
Broadcast the transaction#
Send your transaction to the Dash network, using broadcast:
cat signed.txn | electrum broadcast -
If successful, the command will return the ID of the transaction.
How to accept Dash on a website using Dash Electrum#
This tutorial will show you how to accept dash on a website with SSL signed payment requests. It is updated for Dash Electrum 2.6.
Requirements#
A webserver serving static HTML
A SSL certificate (signed by a CA)
Electrum version >= 2.6
Create a wallet#
Create a wallet on your web server:
electrum create
You can also use a watching only wallet (restored from xpub), if you want to keep private keys off the server. Once your wallet is created, start Dash Electrum as a daemon:
electrum daemon start
Add your SSL certificate to your configuration#
You should have a private key and a public certificate for your domain. Create a file that contains only the private key:
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
your private key
-----BEGIN END KEY-----
Set the path to your the private key file with setconfig:
electrum setconfig ssl_privkey /path/to/ssl.key
Create another file that contains your certificate and the list of certificates it depends on, up to the root CA. Your certificate must be at the top of the list, and the root CA at the end:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
your cert
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
intermediate cert
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
root cert
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
Set the ssl_chain path with setconfig:
electrum setconfig ssl_chain /path/to/ssl.chain
Configure a requests directory#
This directory must be served by your webserver (eg Apache):
electrum setconfig requests_dir /var/www/r/
By default, Dash Electrum will display local URLs, starting with ‘file://‘ In order to display public URLs, we need to set another configuration variable, url_rewrite. For example:
electrum setconfig url_rewrite "['file:///var/www/','https://electrum.org/']"
Create a signed payment request#
electrum addrequest 3.14 -m "this is a test"
{
"URI": "dash:Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq?amount=3.14&r=https://electrum.org/r/7c2888541a",
"address": "Xtdw4fezqbSpC341vcr8u9HboiJMFa9gBq",
"amount": 314000000,
"amount (DASH)": "3.14",
"exp": 3600,
"id": "7c2888541a",
"index_url": "https://electrum.org/r/index.html?id=7c2888541a",
"memo": "this is a test",
"request_url": "https://electrum.org/r/7c2888541a",
"status": "Pending",
"time": 1450175741
}
This command returns a json object with two URLs:
request_url is the URL of the signed BIP70 request.
index_url is the URL of a webpage displaying the request.
Note that request_url and index_url use the domain name we defined in url_rewrite. You can view the current list of requests using the listrequests command.
Open the payment request page in your browser#
Let us open index_url in a web browser.
The page shows the payment request. You can open the dash: URI with a wallet, or scan the QR code. The bottom line displays the time remaining until the request expires.
This page can already be used to receive payments. However, it will not detect that a request has been paid; for that we need to configure websockets.
Add web sockets support#
Get SimpleWebSocketServer from here:
git clone https://github.com/ecdsa/simple-websocket-server.git
Set websocket_server and websocket_port in your config:
electrum setconfig websocket_server <FQDN of your server>
electrum setconfig websocket_port 9999
And restart the daemon:
electrum daemon stop
electrum daemon start
Now, the page is fully interactive: it will update itself when the payment is received. Please notice that higher ports might be blocked on some client’s firewalls, so it is more safe for example to reverse proxy websockets transmission using standard 443 port on an additional subdomain.
JSONRPC interface#
Commands to the Dash Electrum daemon can be sent using JSONRPC. This is useful if you want to use Dash Electrum in a PHP script.
Note that the daemon uses a random port number by default. In order to use a stable port number, you need to set the rpcport configuration variable (and to restart the daemon):
electrum setconfig rpcport 7777
With this setting, we can perform queries using curl or PHP. Example:
curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"getbalance","params":[]}' http://127.0.0.1:7777
Query with named parameters:
curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"listaddresses","params":{"funded":true}}' http://127.0.0.1:7777
Create a payment request:
curl --data-binary '{"id":"curltext","method":"addrequest","params":{"amount":"3.14","memo":"test"}}' http://127.0.0.1:7777